Libelle of note

Clear differences between the two brachiocephalic veins concern the inferior thyroid vein, the thymic veins and the left superior intercostal vein with tributaries.

Usually, there is only one inferior thyroid vein.

The Vena intercostalis suprema drains blood from the first intercostal space to the brachiocephalic vein on both sides.

See note # 4590

See note # 4590

The pattern of tributaries to the azygos vein is highly variable (Luzsa G 1972 Röntgenanatomie des Gefäßsystems. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest; Rickenbacher et al. 1982 von Lanz/Wa\chsmuth Rücken. Springer, Berlin).

Further subdivision of renal vessels has been included.

In TA, all the veins of the foot were listed as superficial veins but should be identified according to their location, superficial or deep (Caggiati et al. 2002 J Vasc Surg 36:416-422; Kachlik et al. 2010 Phlebology 25:113-123, ibid. 2012, 27:48-58).

The supreme intercostal vein drains to the left brachiocephalic vein, the second and third right posterior intercostal veins to the right superior intercostal vein.

The Cubital perforating vein is the thickest perforating vein of the upper limb, located in the fossa cubitalis and connecting the vena mediana cubiti and the venae radiales (Gracz et al. 1977 Kidney Int 11:71-75; Kachlik et al. 2017 Surg Radiol Anat 39:405-417).